Use of the detergent Triton in biochemical and biological research: a minireview

The use of nonionic detergents such as Triton X-100 and X-114, is of immense value in biological and biochemical research. These detergents have found numerous applications in the analysis of membrane proteins, enzymes, glycoconjugates and in the study of cytoskeleton structure. The method offers an excellent resolution when used in coordination with immunological methods such as, immunoelectrophoresis, immunoprecipitation and western blot analysis.

Mechanism of action of a nitroimidazole-thiadiazole derivate upon Trypanosoma cruzi tissue culture amastigotes

Megazol (CL 64,855) a very effective drug in experimental infections by Trypanosoma cruzi, and also in in vitro assays with vertebrate forms of the parasite, had its parasite, had its activity upon macromolecule biosynthesis tested using tissue culture-derived amastigote forms. Megazol presented a drastic inhibition of [3H]-uridine incorporation, suggesting a selective activity upon protein synthesis. Comparing the three drugs, megazol was more potent than nifurtimox and benznidazole in inhibiting protein an DNA synthesis. Megazol showed a 91% of inhibition of [3H]-leucine incorporation whereas nifurtimox and benznidazole, 0% and 2%, respectively. These latter two drugs inhibited the incorporation of all the precursors tested at similar levels, but the concentration of benznidazole was always three times higher, suggesting different mechanisms of action or, more probably, a greater efficiency of the 5-nitrofuran derivate in relation to the 2-nitroimidazole. So, wes conclude that the mode of action of megazol is different from the ones of nifurtimox and benznidazole and that its primary effect is associated with an impairment of protein synthesis

Effect of drugs on Trypanosoma cruzi and on its interaction with heart muscle cell in vitro

As açöes de megazol, nifurtimox, benznidazol e allopurinol sobre o T. cruzi foram investigadas, através de microscopia ótica e eletrônica, pela análise do efeito direto sobre formas amastigotas e tripomastigotas e do efeito sobre a interaçäo de cultura de célula muscular cardíaca com tripomastigotas sangüíneos. A proliferaçäo de amastigotas em meio Warren foi inibida de modo dose-dependente por megazol, nifurtimox e benznidazol. O tratamento de amastigotas (25-50 micronM/24h) e de tripomastigotas (25 micronM/24h) levou a várias alteraçöes ultraestruturais nos parasitas. Estas três drogas tiveram também um efeito potente no tratamento de culturas de células cardíacas infectadas, quando adicionadas desde o início da interaçäo ou após um ou três dias de infecçäo. Os parasitas interiorizados mostraram um padräo de alteraçöes ultraestruturais semelhante ao observado no tratamento direto de formas amastigotas. A cultura primária de célula muscular cardíaca mostrou ser um modelo adequado para o estudo de drogas sobre formas intracelulares de T. cruzi e o ensaio de proliferaçäo de amastigotas em meio axênico, indicado para uma triagem inicial de drogas. Estes parâmetros nos parecem muito confiáveis para uma investigaçäo sistemática do mecanismo de açäo de drogas